Map showing geology, oil and gas fields and geologic provinces of africa, ver 2. Anderson any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the u. Kroner and others published precambrian mobile belts of southern. The ages of these events, relative to the time scale, have been indicated, and it can be seen that there are no major gaps present, with all the eras in the precambrian and. Precambrian crustal evolution of the rehoboth province. The geology of south africa is highly varied including cratons, greenstone belts, large impact craters as well as orogenic belts.
Geology and mineral resources of west africa wright springer. Dickinsonia costata from ediacaran rocks of the late precambrian. If you are interested in rwanda and the geography of africa our large laminated map of africa might be just what you need. By international agreement, precambrian time is divided into the archean eon occurring between roughly 4. Olusiji samuel ayodele department of geology, ekiti state university, p. A list of the main geological and palaeontological events in south africa s geological history has been combined with the legend. Geology and mineral resources of west africa springer for. With a focus on processoriented and comparative studies, it covers, but is not restricted to, subjects such as. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa. Precambrian tectonic framework and crustal structure of the southern region at the core of the precambrianframeworkof southernafrica is the archean kaapvaal and zimbabwe cratons sutured together by the archean and paleoproterozoic limpopo belt fig. Precambrian lithospheric controls on the development of. The formation and evolution of africa from the archaean to present. The map below shows in detail where the important boundary is between the precambrian rocks pc.
Preliminary precambrian basement structure map of the. Geology compilation by abera aguma and girma kebede 19741976. Figure 1 is a map of the world showing areas where precambrian rocks are exposed at the surface. As in other parts of africa, it suffered its most pronounced deformation and remobilisation during the pan african orogeny about 650450 m. The african continent essentially consists of five ancient precambrian cratonskaapvaal, zimbabwe, tanzania, congo, and. Evidence lacking for secular variation fred tugume a,b, andrew nyblade a,c. Notes on the chronostratigraphic map of the republic of south africa and the kingdoms of lesotho and swaziland with the completely digital production of the 1. See more ideas about earth, geology and gunnison national park. Geology of ethiopia ethiopia has a complex geological history represented in three. Review article precambrian crustal structure in africa and arabia. Precambrian ironformations of southern africa economic. The east european craton eec comprises precambrian rocks of the baltic, ukraine and voronezh shields, together with the russian or east european platform, where the eec is covered by relatively thin, undisturbed.
The results were recently published in the scientific journal precambrian research. Precambrian geology of finland, volume 14 1st edition. Since then slow relative motion of nubian, arabian and somali plates over the same interval has been discerned. Cape town, the capital, is named after the cape, the southernmost point of the african continent. Unknown as soon as water fell on the canadian shield and the first winds blew, rock weathering began. The basement complex of nigeria is polycyclic and retains memories of events dating back to about 3000 m. Like many of the oldest dated rocks on earth, these are sedimentary rocks, indicating that the source rocks were even older. Possible late precambrian subduction zone in south west africa. Dickens north american precambrian geology 2018 icc 390 figure 1. Africa chemically precipitated rocks mineral deposits, genesis economic geology sedimentary rocks iron iron formations metals precambrian you do not currently have access to this article. Precambrian basement rocks, igneous and metamorphic, crop out along the western border with sudan, along the northeastern, western, and. The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold, diamonds, iron and coal from worldclass deposits. Sim 3012, precambrian basement structure map of the. See also the bgs quantitative groundwater maps for africa project webpage.
The geology map of africa in the africa groundwater atlas. The uplift of the rift ridges led to the formation of the sloping topography of the arabian plate, which was largely the responsible factor in the erosion of the phanerozoic rocks and the exposure of the precambrian basement or the arabian shield. Geological map of the negash pluton along with sampling sites, the foliation trajectories in the surrounding country rocks, and the main septa of. The precambrian basement rocks of the continental united states are largely covered by younger sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and the availability of updated aeromagnetic data namag, 2002 provides a means to infer major regional basement structures and tie together the scattered, but locally abundant, geologic information. Geologic mapping of the study area revealed three dominant lithologic units namely. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Thomas schluter geological atlas of africa geokniga. An overview of the geology and major ore deposits of central africa. The shield is exposed from southern jordan to yemen, but its larger areal extent is found in saudi arabia. A new edition of the geological map of africa at the 1. Lower crustal exhumation under transtension during the. This country has numerous famous geological features, which are rather easy to visit, because of the dry climate with no or little vegetation hiding the geology. African geology, pan african orogen, archaean cratons, african rift, hot spots, plume. The dynamic evolution of the continental crust, by the same author.
Geology dating of the oldest rocks in south africa has provided an age of about 3. Principles of precambrian geologyis an update to the 1991 book, precambrian geology. View the large migration map screen and use the interactive timelines below the screen to fill in the boxes with the areas of the world populated with modern humans at each timepoint. The combination bouguer gravity map figure 4, covering ethiopia, eritrea, the southern red sea, and the southwestern corner of the arabian peninsula, supports the interpretation of the sedimentary basin areas. Purchase precambrian geology of finland, volume 14 1st edition. The paleozoic era consists of the cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, and permian periods and includes two major mountainbuilding episodes. Click download or read online button to get stratigraphy of south africa book now. The south african geology is based around a cratonic nucleus kaapvaal craton centered in the. Preliminary compilation by tsegaye hailu 1975,eigs. Geology and mineral resources of west africa wright. Pdf precambrian mobile belts of southern and eastern africa. Precambrian metamorphism, east africa generalised geological map of precambrian rocks ofeast africa u o o z pdf.
A geologic map of the southern african subcontinent showing the tectonic framework of the study region, modified from begg et al. Image courtesy of the geological society of south africa. The cdrom was compiled according to the methodology developed by the u. Journal of african earth sciences the precambrian of. The continent of africa may be said to have taken shape during the paleozoic.
The inset map shows the magnetically defined outline of the. Crustal scale transcurrent shearing in the paleoproterozoic sefwisunyani comoe region, west africa. Cratons themselves are tectonically inactive, but can occur near active margins, with the wac extending across 14 countries in western african, coming. Developments in precambrian geology 10, proterozoic crustal. Precambrian shields comprise the cores of the continents and extend under phanerozoic cover sequences. Precambrian research publishes studies on all aspects of the early stages of the composition, structure and evolution of the earth and its planetary neighbours. Lexa4 1british geological survey, keyworth, nottingham, uk 2institute of geology and mineral exploration, athens, greece 3university of napoli federico ii, naples, italy 4geological survey of slovak republic, bratislava, slovak republic. The new edition covers the same topics in a more concise and accessible format and is. A glacial period during the ordovician is evidenced by widespread deposition tillites, which may be seen. It is a large political map of africa that also shows many of the continents physical features in color or shaded relief. Arcgis javascript arcgis online map viewer arcgis earth arcmap arcgis explorer view footprint in. The african continent essentially consists of five ancient precambrian cratonskaapvaal, zimbabwe, tanzania, congo, and west africanthat were formed between about 3. A new geology map of africa has been developed for this africa groundwater atlas. Pana, energy resources conservation board, alberta geological survey, 4th floor, twin atria building, 4999 98th avenue, edmonton, alberta, canada t6b 2x3 dinu.
Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. The precambrian rocks are found in the western part of saudi arabia, which constitute a geologically interesting and significant terrane called the arabian shield. The african upper mantle and its relationship to tectonics and. Like most of africa, the region is largely composed of ancient precambrian rocks at least 541 million years old.
The map on volume, and there is a summary at the beginning of p. The precambrian rocks are likely of similar origin and structure as those of the shield. Africa groundwater atlas hydrogeology maps earthwise. Nwsestriking faults by subsurface geology, drilling results and geophysical methods, including deep seismic reflection data. Precambrian metamorphism, east africa generalised geological map of precambrian rocks of east africa u o o z map of central and southern afar ethiopia and djibouti,1. The formation of gold deposits in south africa geology page. Preliminary precambrian basement structure map of the continental united states an interpretation of geologic and aeromagnetic data by paul k. Continental margin plate tectonism during the late precambrian in southern and central south west africa and western botswana is strongly suggested by the geographical distribution, stratigraphy. African geology at leeds university and the geological survey of malawi. Precambrian crustal structure in africa and arabia. After the precambrian, geologic time intervals are commonly subdivided on the basis of the fossil record.
Generalized map showing north america and greenlands major precambrian provinces with platform cover removed and their principal rock types after mints, 2015. South africa is the country at the southernmost corner of africa. Precambrian geology of northeastern alberta dinu i. Geology and mineral potential of ethiopia geology underlain by rocks of precambrian to recent precambrian covers 25% lowgrade volcanosedimentary rocks, high grade rocks and mafic to felsic intrusives palaeozoic few places mesozoic sed. Edited by kent condie, elseviers developments in precambrian geology book series is designed to provide a comprehensive source of detailed information on all aspects of the precambrian, including 1 chemical, biological, biochemical and cosmochemical evolution. The shields consist of archean cratons welded together and surrounded by proterozoic orogens ancient mountain belts. The west african craton wac is one of the five cratons of the precambrian basement rock of africa that make up the african plate, the others being the kalahari craton, congo craton, saharan metacraton and tanzania craton. Stratigraphy of south africa download ebook pdf, epub. This book is dedicated to the many colleagues and the principal aim is to provide a broad view of students with whom we have worked in west africa west african geology as a whole, for undergraduates and who have stimulated and encouraged our teach who are studying for honours degrees in geology and ing and research in various ways. I have been searching your site for articles about the prefloodflood boundary. Notice how climate change affected migration patterns. Crustal structure of precambrian terranes in the southern african. Department of geology, university of natal, king george v avenue, durban, south africa. The history of modern humans continues with their migration out of africa.